" If any Soldier thinks himself wronged in any matter by any Officer other than his Captain, or by any Soldier, he may complain thereof to his Captain, and if he thinks himself wronged by his Captain, either in respect of his complaint not being redressed or in respect of any other matter, he may complain thereof to his Commanding Officer, and if he thinks himself wronged by his Commanding Officer, either in respect of his complaint not being redressed or in respect of any other matter, he may complain thereof to the General or other Officer Commanding the district or station where the Soldier is serving ; and every Officer to whom a complaint is made in pursuance of this section shall cause such complaint to be inquired into, and shall, if on enquiry he is satisfied of the justice of the complaint so made, take such steps as may be necessary for giving full redress to the complainant in respect of the .matter complained of." (Sec. 43, Army Act.)

When a Soldier has any complaint to make, he should appeal to the Officer Commanding his Company ; his tone and manner must be temperate and respectful ; and he must be accompanied by a Non-Commissioned Officer, of his own Company if possible. No Soldier is on any account to presume to make a complaint to an Officer, for another Soldier who conceives himself aggrieved ; and not more than two Soldiers may approach an Officer to make a complaint at one and the same time. Anonymous complaints, or complaints through any channel other than that prescribed in the foregoing paragraph, are prohibited, and constitute military offences.

For the following offences a Soldier is liable, at all times, to the penalty of death, or of any less punishment:-

• Shamefully abandoning a post.
  
• Shamefully casting away his arms, ammunition, or tools in the presence of the enemy.
  
• Treacherously holding correspondence with or assisting the enemy.
  
• Harbouring or voluntarily serving with the enemy.
  
• Doing anything to imperil the success of His Majesty's Forces.
  
• Cowardice before the enemy.
  
• Mutiny.
  
• Personal violence to a superior, or disobedience to his lawful commands, when in the execution of his office.

• Deserting, attempting to desert, or assisting or persuading any other person to desert
  (N.B. A Soldier under orders for Active Service who deserts or attempts to desert, is liable to the penalty of death.)
  
• Leaving his Commanding Officer, or breaking into any house, in search of plunder.
  
• Leaving his guard, picquet, patrol, or post without orders.
  
• Forcing a safeguard or sentry.
  
• Impeding; or when called on refusing to assist, the Provost Marshal or any of his assistants.
  
• Doing violence to a person bringing supplies to the Forces, or detaining stores proceeding to the Forces, or committing any offence against the property or person of any inhabitant of, or resident in, the country in which he is serving.
  
• Intentionally occasioning false alarm, or treacherously giving up the countersign.
  
• When a sentry, sleeping or being drunk on his post, or leaving his post without orders.

• Deserting for the second or any subsequent time.
  
• Fraudulent enlistment for the second or subsequent offence.
  
• Stealing or embezzling any public money or goods.
  
• When in command of a picquet or guard, releasing a prisoner without due authority.
  
• Wilfully allowing a prisoner to escape.

• Leaving the ranks without orders.
  
• Wilfully destroying or damaging property.
  
• Being taken prisoner through neglect.
  
• Creating alarm or despondency.
  
• Striking or offering violence to, or using threatening or insubordinate language to, or disobeying the order of, a superior.
  

The following are some of the graver offences of this class :-

• Traitorous words regarding the Sovereign.
  
• Malingering or feigning disease.
  
• Wilfully maiming himself or any other Soldier.
  
• Aggravating or delaying the cure of disease.
  
• Stealing or embezzling the property of a comrade or Officer.
  
• Disgraceful conduct of a cruel, indecent, or unnatural kind.
  
• Drunkenness on duty or not on duty.
  
• Resisting an escort.
  
• Breaking out of barracks.
  
• Neglecting to obey orders.
  
• Breaking arrest or escaping from confinement.
  
• Absence without leave.
  
• Making away with, or losing by neglect, articles of equipment, clothing, or necessaries.
  
• Wilfully injuring any property belonging to a comrade, or to an Officer, or to any Regimental Mess or Band, or to any Regimental Institution, or any public property.
  
• Ill-treating any horse used in the public service.
  
• Making a false accusation against any other Soldier or Officer.
  
• Refusing to answer questions when a witness before a court-martial.
  
• Being guilty of contempt of court, or giving false evidence on oath.
  
• Enlisting after having been discharged with disgrace.

A soldier is liable to forfeiture of pay as follows :-

All ordinary pay for every day of absence either on desertion or without leave, as a prisoner of war, and for every day of confinement in hospital, guard-room, cell, or military or civil prison, either under sentence for an offence awarded by a civil court or court-martial, or by his Commanding Officer, or, if he is on board one of His Majesty's ships, by the Commanding Officer of that ship, or under detention on the charge for an offence of which he is afterwards convicted by a civil court or court-martial, or under detention on the charge for absence without leave for which he is afterwards awarded imprisonment by his Commanding Officer, or under detention when he shall confess to have been guilty of desertion or fraudulent enlistment, and the forfeiture during the period of such detention shall have been ordered by the competent military authority. All ordinary pay for every day on which he is in hospital on account of sickness certified by the proper Medical Officer attending on him at the hospital to have been caused by an offence under the Army Act committed by him.

A Soldier is liable to be fined for drunkenness. A scale of such fines is hung up in the barrack room.

Warrant Officers Non-Commissioned officers, and men will salute all Commissioned Officers whom they know to be such whether dressed in uniform or not, including Officers of the Royal Navy, Royal Marines, Royal Indian Marine when in uniform, Militia, Honourable Artillery Company, Yeomanry, and Volunteers, and such Warrant Officers of the Royal Navy as have rank corresponding to that of the Commissioned Officers in the Army.

The salute, except when swords are worn, will always be with the hand further from the person saluted. When a Soldier passes an Officer he will salute on the third pace before reaching him, and will lower the hand on the third pace after passing him ; when swords are worn the salute will be with the right hand.

A soldier, if sitting when an Officer approaches, will rise, stand at attention, and salute ; if a number of men are sitting or standing about, the senior Non-Commissioned Officer or oldest Soldier will call the whole to " Attention " and salute. When a Soldier addresses an Officer he will halt two paces from him and salute. He will also salute when withdrawing. When appearing before an Officer in a room, he will salute without removing his cap.

A Soldier without his cap, or who is carrying anything that prevents him from saluting properly, will, if standing still, come to attention as an Officer passes ; if walking he will turn his head slightly towards the Officer in passing him.

Smart and soldierlike conduct, and the strictest attention to orders, are the essential duties of a soldier on guard.

Every sentry must know:-

1. The object for which he is posted.
   
2. The orders he has to carry out.
   
3. The front of his post and extent of his beat.
   
4. The countersign, if there is one.

1. To keep his ears and eyes open, and be constantly on the watch.
   
2. To allow no one to interfere with him in his duties.
   
3. Never to quit his arms, nor lounge or converse with any one on any pretence whatever.
   
4. Never to stand in his sentry-box in good or even in moderate weather.
   
5. After dark to challenge all persons approaching his post, in a sharp tone- " Halt ! Who comes there ?" If the person approaching gives a satisfactory reply, he will be allowed to pass. When a sentry is on a post where a sudden rush could be made upon him, he will, when challenging, bring his rifle to the charge.

A sentry will " present arms " to General and Field Officers, and to all " armed parties " except after "Retreat," when he will only do so to grand rounds.

A sentry in his sentry-box will salute by coming smartly to "Attention."

When mounted over a Royal Palace or furnished by a Royal Guard, a sentry will " present arms " only to members of the Royal Family, or to an armed Corps.

In the same manner a sentry furnished from a Guard over the residence of Viceroys, Governors, or General Officers, will not present arms to persons of inferior rank. When Officers of inferior rank pass his post in uniform he will stand with shouldered arms.

A sentry will pay the same compliments to Commissioned Officers of the Royal Navy, Royal Marines, Royal Indian Marine, when in uniform, Militia, Honourable Artillery Company, Yeomanry, and Volunteers, when in uniform, as are directed to be paid to Officers of the Regular Army.

l. On active service one of the most important duties of a Soldier is Outpost Duty.

The duties of Outposts are to obtain intelligence of the enemy, and to enable the troops to rest in security. Intelligence of the enemy is gained by means of (a) Reconnoitring patrols, and [b) sentries furnished from groups of three to six men posted close at hand.

2. Reconnoitring Patrols are not intended to fight, but to discover and report upon the enemy's positions. Their movements and formation must be subordinated to gaining information secretly and rapidly. They should seldom return by the same route as they went out.

A Soldier employed on patrol must be intelligent, vigilant, full of resource and presence of mind, know how to find his way in a strange country, and be quick to devise a means of escape from capture.

Each man must move cautiously and silently, and often halt to listen, and he must prevent his arms and accoutrements from rattling. He must clearly understand from the leader what he has to look for, and how and at what place he is to make his report. On returning each man should be able to give a clear report of what he has seen . If the patrol is cut off, one man at least must manage at all cost to escape.

3. Every sentry must know :-

1. The direction and probable line of the enemy's advance.
   
2. The number of his post and the extent of front he is to watch.
   
3. The number and position of his piquet, and the best way to it.
   
4. The position of the nearest examining post.
   
5. The position and description of the sentries on his right and left.
   
6. The Countersign.

1. To remember that on his vigilance may depend the lives of his comrades as well as his own life.
   
2. To constantly watch in the direction of the enemy and notice every suspicious sign.
   
3. To see and listen without being seen or heard.
   
4. Never to quit his post or sit or lie down without orders, or let his rifle out of his hand.
   
5. To warn his group or piquet as soon as he sees the enemy. If danger is imminent, and he is satisfied that the enemy is advancing to attack, he should fire several times to give the alarm.
   
6. To pay no compliments, and not to allow any one to distract his attention.
   
7. Not to allow more than one stranger at a time to approach his post.

After dark, any one approaching his post is to be challenged loudly "Halt ! Who goes there ?" Should the person not obey the third summons, he will be fired upon.

Bearers of flags of truce, by their waving a white flag, or by other signals, will not be treated as enemies, but sent to the picquet or examining post.

To prevent sore feet cleanliness and strict attention to the fitting of boots and socks are necessary. Before marching the feet should be washed with soap and water and carefully dried. The inside of the socks should be well rubbed with soft or yellow soap. After the march the feet must be again washed and clean dry socks put on. Soaking the feet in salt or alum and water hardens the skin. The nails should be cut straight across and not too close. A blister will probably be occasioned by an unevenness or hole in the sock, or an unevenness in the lining of the boot ; the cause therefore should be ascertained and removed. The edge of a blister should be pricked with a needle and the fluid drained away by gently pressing the blister ; a small pad of cotton wool or soft rag should then be applied, and kept in place by a small piece of sticking plaster. Men are cautioned against getting boots too small for them.

Detailed instructions as to cleaning the Service arms are given in the " Musketry Regulations." The following general instructions in the case of arms, should, however, be borne in mind :-

N.B.- The rifle must be examined and thoroughly cleaned and the barrel wiped out with oily flannelette, at least once a day.

As soon as possible after firing the last shot, arms should, whenever practicable, be thoroughly cleaned; if this is not done without loss of time, rust or erosion will rapidly appear, which will spread and be difficult to remove, even if the barrel is not injured. When thorough cleaning before returning to quarters is not possible, arms must, in any event, be wiped out with flannelette soaked in rifle oil or mineral jelly immediately firing is over, and be thoroughly cleaned as soon afterwards as possible.

Although a barrel in which rust has been allowed to form may be cleaned so as to appear what may be termed rag clean, it may be so pitted or rusted that it would not be view clean, i.e., in a state to be passed by an expert inspector. It is necessary, therefore, that the greatest care should be taken to prevent the formation of rust, which can only be done by strictly carrying out the following instructions :-

No oil other than the rifle oil or mineral jelly issued is to be used for cleaning the inside of the barrel. Rifle oil contains a proportion of caustic soda, the alkaline character of which causes it to neutralise any acid which may be in the fouling, and generally to prevent rust. The oil should be well shaken up before use.

No hard substance, such as emery, sand-paper, etc., is ever to be used for cleaning either the outside or inside of the rifle. Care is to be taken to prevent the browning being rubbed off the barrel. Water should on no account be used, and must be very sparingly used for cleaning the outside of the arm and the action, as it is liable to thicken and become sticky and clogging. Mineral oil, on the other hand, may be freely used for cleaning all parts. Rifle oil should not be used to such an extent in the bore as to allow of its flowing into the action when the rifle is stood in its rack. To remove slight rust or metallic fouling, the double pull-through should be used. Should the flannelette or gauze be jammed in the bore, the rifle or carbine must be taken to the armourer-sergeant. The bore will at all times be kept slightly oiled. Under no circumstances must it be wiped dry and bright, except for inspection of arms when such inspection takes place in the barrack room. This barrack room inspection of arms will take place once a week.

      5. Oil or grease stains may be removed with turpentine or benzole.
      6. For cleaning blue clothing a weak solution of ammonia may be used, and well rubbed in with a hard brush after the garments have been well beaten and brushed. The solution must not be allowed to touch scarlet stripes or trimmings.

      7. The moleskin strappings of pantaloons should not be cleaned with soda or ammonia. Benzole or turpentine should be used for this purpose.

      8. Before being subjected to any of the foregoing processes, the garments should be well beaten and brushed, and should be carefully stretched whilst under treatment to prevent shrinking.
      9. Care must be taken not to use ether or benzole in the presence of any light or fire. The vapour of ether should not be inhaled.
      10. If the weather permit, the cleaned garments should be dried in the open air, if not they should be hung up in a dry place, but not near fires or stoves.

      11. The water in which the articles are washed should be lukewarm only ; they should on no account be put into boiling or even very hot water, as it tends to shrink the material. The articles must be well rinsed in clean tepid water before drying. Yellow soap only should be used, and the use of washing powder is prohibited. A little ammonia (1 tablespoonful to 2 gallons of water) may be added, to remove grease and perspiration.
      12. After the water has been completely wrung out of them, the articles will be well pulled out by hand before drying.

The furlough season at home is in the winter, between the dates laid down in the "King's Regulations"

A furlough is an indulgence to be granted at the discretion of the Commanding Officer. Before any soldier can obtain a furlough he must be dismissed his drills and be out of debt.

A Soldier on furlough must rejoin before tattoo on the last day of his furlough. If he does not, he may be dealt with as an absentee. If within five days after the expiration of his furlough no satisfactory account of his absence is received he will be reported as a deserter.

A soldier who obtains an extension of furlough, or a warrant by false representation; or who, in applying for the same, commits an offence to the prejudice of good order and military discipline, will be dealt with by his Commanding Officer:

No charge against the public for private medical attendance while on furlough will be allowed. If needed, application for medical aid should be made to Officer Commanding the nearest military station.

When a Soldier on furlough is prevented by sickness, which must be properly certified, or by other unavoidable cause from rejoining his corps by the date on which his furlough expires, he is to report himself before that date:-
To the nearest General or other Officer on the Staff of the Army ; or to the Commanding Officer of any unit or detachment of the Regular Army ; or (if none of these be within convenient distance) to a Justice of the Peace.

Before proceeding on furlough, a Soldier is to leave his address with the Officer Commanding his Squadron, Battery, or Company, and he must at all times be prepared to rejoin on the shortest notice, if ordered to do so.

N.B.-Army Act, Sec. 173.-If any Soldier on furlough is detained by sickness or other casualty rendering necessary any extension of furlough in any place, and there is not any Officer in the performance of military duty of the rank of Captain, or of higher rank, within convenient distance of the place, any Justice of the Peace who is satisfied of such necessity, may grant an extension of furlough for a period not exceeding one month ; and the said Justice shall by letter immediately certify such extension, and the cause thereof, to the Commanding Officer of such Soldier, if known, and if not, then to a Secretary of State. The soldier may be recalled to duty by his Commanding Officer, or other competent military authority, and the furlough shall not be deemed to be extended after such recall, but save as aforesaid, the Soldier shall not, in respect of the period of such extension of furlough, be liable to be treated as a deserter or as absent without leave.

Sometimes Railway companies allow Soldiers to proceed on furlough to tillers homes and back to their units at single fares. This is a privilege and not a right, and so Soldiers should be most careful not to abuse it.

Any Soldier on furlough who requires any information should write to the Officer Commanding his Squadron, Battery, or Company.

A soldier must not marry without first obtaining his Commanding Officer's sanction, otherwise, although the marriage is legal, he can never have any claim to be borne on the marriage establishment of his Corps.

A large proportion of Serjeants is allowed on the married roll, also a percentage, varying in different branches of the Service, of the Trumpeters, Drummers, and rank and file who have completed seven year's service, and in possession of at least two good conduct badges, and have at least £5 in the Army or Post Office Savings' Bank. When a regiment goes to India the proportion of married men permitted to embark is increased.

SOBRIETY, HONESTY, INDUSTRY, and GENERAL GOOD CONDUCT, during service with the Colours, are essential for obtaining good employment on the return to civil life.

With a view to assisting ex-Soldiers in obtaining employment, Registers have been established at the Headquarters of all Regimental and Recruiting Districts and in several other large towns. Eligible Soldiers can, on application to their Commanding Officers during last 12 months of army service, enter their names in the Register of the locality in which they intend to reside after leaving the service. Those who wish to defer the registration until after they reach their homes, can obtain from their Commanding Officer the address of the Registration Officer, in the county or town in which they intend to reside.

Soldiers are recommended to avail themselves of these registers, but it must be clearly understood by every man registering his name therein that no guarantee is thereby afforded that civil employment will be obtained for him, as appointments must depend on vacancies, and, in many cases, upon the possession of special qualifications.

Soldiers cannot be registered for any employment unless their characters on leaving the Army are at least "Good " , and no Soldier can hope to be recommended for civil employment if he has become disfigured or weakened by any illness contracted by his own misconduct.

The following are some of the classes of employment for which soldiers are eligible :

• Pensioner Messengers in Government Departments.
  
• Watcher in the Customs Service.
  
• Park-keepers in the Royal Parks. prison warders.
  
• Police.
  
• Postmen.
  
• In the Army Clothing Department.
  
• In the Army Ordnance Department.
  
• In the Ordnance Factories.
  
• In the Corps of Commissionaires.
  
• Railway Porters, etc.

N. B.--No Soldier can expect a pension for loss of health invalided solely on account of disease contracted through his own misconduct.

1. The particulars of the next-of-kin should always be carefully inserted in the Form in this Book, but the Soldier must understand that the entries made there do not relieve him from the necessity of making a Will. The entries in question have no legal effect, and unless a Soldier duly makes a Will, his estate is dealt with as if he had died intestate, and the person. intended to be benefited may receive little or no share in the distribution.
   
2. The Soldier's Will should be made out either on one of the separate Forms provided for that purpose, or on the Form as contained in this Book, or on a separate sheet of paper to be kept folded in this "Small Book."
   
3. The bequests in the Will may be varied according to the circumstances and wishes of each Soldier ; but the form of attestation, and the general outline of the Will, as shown in the following Forms, are to be carefully preserved.
   
4. The Will must be in writing, and signed by the testator with his name, or; if he cannot write, with his mark;in the presence of two witnesses, who must be present together; and the Will must be made, acknowledged, and attested in the presence all three.
   
5. A person to whom money, etc., is left by the Will should not be an attesting witness, for the gift would not be good, but he may be appointed an executor.
   
6. A Will is revoked by the marriage of the testator, and therefore a new Will ought to be made after marriage if desired. .
   
7. If any alteration is made in the writing of a Will, the signature of the testator and the witnesses ought to be made in the margin or other part of the Will, opposite to or near such alteration, or at the foot or end of, or opposite to a memorandum referring to such alteration, and written at the end or some other part of the Will.
   
8. But an alteration or addition may be made by a Codicil (that is to say, by an addition to the Will), executed and witnessed in the same way as the Will.
   
9. When engaged in actual warfare, a Soldier is privileged (where circumstances do not allow of these Forms being used) to record his Will in writing without the attesting witnesses, or declare the same orally in the presence of witnesses, but this privilege only commences when he is actually on his way to the seat of war.
   N.B: The testator must be of the age of 21 years unless he is on actual military service.